CIPP/US Study Guide
Chapter 8: Medical Privacy

Covered Entities Under HIPAA

HIPAA directly covers health care providers conducting certain electronic transactions, health plans, and health care clearinghouses. Cash-only providers who never bill insurance electronically are not covered.

The three categories of HIPAA covered entities
CategoryExample
Health care providers (that conduct certain electronic transactions)Doctors' offices, hospitals
Health plansHealth insurers
Health care clearinghousesThird parties that host, handle, or process medical information
The cash-only doctor trap

A doctor who accepts only cash or credit cards and never bills insurance electronically is NOT a covered entity. The statutory hook is the electronic reimbursement transaction. Casual conversations, book purchases, and online health posts are also outside HIPAA.

Key terms - quick answers

What is “Covered entity”?
Under HIPAA, a health care provider conducting certain electronic transactions, a health plan, or a health care clearinghouse.
What is “Health care clearinghouse”?
A third-party organization that hosts, handles, or processes medical information.