CIPP/US Study Guide
Chapter 10: Education Privacy

Education Record and Its Exceptions

An education record is broadly any record directly related to a student and maintained by or on behalf of the school, but FERPA carves out important exceptions - including campus police records, employment records, applicant records, alumni records, peer-graded papers before collection, and treatment records.

An education record includes all records directly related to the student and maintained by or on behalf of the K-12 school or university. This extends beyond grades to financial aid records, disciplinary records, and more. A 'record' is information recorded in any way - handwriting, print, computer media, video or audio tape, film, microfilm, and microfiche - and all electronic records and emails count as computer media.

Records that are NOT education records under FERPA
ExceptionDetail
Campus police recordsCreated and maintained by campus police for law enforcement purposes
Employment recordsWhen the employee is not a student at the university
Applicant recordsOf those who are not enrolled in the university
Alumni recordsCreated after the individual is no longer a student
Peer-graded papersGrades on peer-graded papers before collected and recorded by a faculty member
Treatment recordsHealth records, subject to several requirements
Shared police records flip back

Campus police records are excluded only while held for law enforcement purposes. If those records are shared between campus police and other campus administrators, they become education records.

Key terms - quick answers

What is “Education record”?
Any record directly related to a student and maintained by or on behalf of the school, including grades, financial aid, and disciplinary records.
What is “Treatment records”?
Health records created or maintained by a health professional for treating a student and not disclosed except to those providing treatment; excluded from the definition of education record under conditions.